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Military expenditure and economic growth: A meta-analysis
Simpartl, Josef ; Havránek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Baxa, Jaromír (referee)
This master's thesis provides a comprehensive meta-analysis inspecting the impact of military expenditures on economic growth. Its objective is to validate several hypotheses using a wide range of studies and the latest methods. The hypotheses included in this thesis are as follows. First, military expenditures reduce economic growth. Second, military expenditures retard growth in less- developed countries. Third, the effect of military expenditures on economic growth is non-linear. The general findings of this thesis support the first hypothesis. This result originates mainly from the significantly negative impact found in recent studies. The thesis also finds indirect evidence in favor of the second hypothesis. Even though the analysis did not find a significant impact on less-developed countries per se, a negative effect associated with African countries provides a persuasive substitute in this regard. Last, this thesis did not find any solid evidence in favor of the non-linearity hypothesis. This is the first time the effect of military expenditures on economic growth was analyzed using the latest methods of meta-analysis and provides robust input into a heated debate within the subfield of peace economics provoked by the recent events. 1
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The power of the General: Which factors influence the level of authoritarianism in the Southern African context?
Wordsworth, Ronan Peter ; Riegl, Martin (advisor) ; Doboš, Bohumil (referee)
1 Abstract This paper sets out to answer the central question on the causes of authoritarianism within the regional context of Southern Africa. The hypothesises of the article are that there are several factors that contribute to authoritarian levels within the South African Development Community (SADC). The research aims to adequately define the concept of authoritarianism, and then investigate the relationship between authoritarianism and five different indicators. The links are explored for level of authoritarianism against the level of military expenditure of the government, the threat perception of the government, whether there is a single dominant-party system of government, whether the country has a history of coup d'états, and finally, the dominant party in the civil-military relations. This leads to an investigation into the role that the military plays within authoritarian regimes, and which factors lead to increased authoritarianism. Due to the unique post-colonial context whereby many liberation movements and fighters were then installed as leaders of the country, there is a 'special relationship' between many leaders in the Southern African Development Community and the respective military and defence leadership and this paper will seek to explore these links. It is hypothesised that...
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A FAREWELL TO ARMS: NON-MILITARISATION AND THE PARADOX OF MILITARY INSECURITY
Williams, Nathan James Frank ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Parízek, Michal (referee)
A FAREWELL TO ARMS: NON-MILITARISATION AND THE PARADOX OF MILITARY INSECURITY Nathan James Frank Williams Abstract A small number of scholars and political leaders have praised the economic and social benefits of 'non-militarisation' - the policy of possessing no national armed forces. While 26 states currently practice this policy, the security implications of non-militarisation have, until now, largely escaped critical assessment. However, it is this very question of security in the absence of a military which is perhaps the decisive issue for any state considering non- militarisation. Barbey's (2015b) study suggests that, since World War II, non-militarised states have been immune to interstate war. However, since World War II, intrastate war has proven to be both the more frequent and destructive form of warfare. Using a mixed-methods approach this dissertation seeks to quantify and explain the causal effect of non-militarisation on intrastate conflict. It begins by testing the hypothesis that non-militarised states suffer less years of intrastate war than states with a military, using cross-sectional logit analysis on all country-years between 1989-2008. It consistently finds a sizable negative relationship, suggesting that in a given year the probability of intrastate war occurring in a...
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Military expenditure forecasting methods (Economics of European defense industry)
Nepimach, Filip ; Klosová, Anna (advisor) ; Fiott, Daniel (referee)
This dissertation firstly examines literature connected to this topic in chapter 2. Secondly, chapter 3 summarizes necessary methodology and data used throughout the dissertation. Thirdly, it compares the results of military expenditure made by Cobb-Douglas-Solow production function forecast and an Auto regressive model, in chapter 4. Fourthly, in the chapter 5, with a better performing model, it forecasters the military expenditure from 2015 to 2024 for France, Germany, UK and Italy, because they represent more than 65% of European military expenditure and should give us an idea about the course of the European expenditure as a whole. Also, it compares forecasted expenditure of European NATO countries and USA with Canada for the same period. Finally, in chapter 6, we examine whether there is Granger causality between MS and GDP. Simply, if MS Granger causes GDP and vice versa. It was found that AR is a better performing forecasting technique than CDS and that Granger causality results are ambiguous. GDP Granger causes MS only for France and Italy and there is no evidence of opposite causality.
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Analysis of investment expenditure of state budget in years 2005 - 2010
Vrzáňová, Anna ; Ochrana, František (advisor) ; Sedmihradská, Lucie (referee)
This thesis aims to analyze investment expenditure from the state budget. Analysed period is chosen from 2005 to 2010. The first chapture deals with public capital expenditure, empasis is placed on comparision with current expenditure. With regard to the economic theory of resource allocation and The Act on Financial Control in the Czech republic reviews how are economy, efficiency and effectiveness controlled there. The impact of political economy on public investmenets is described. The main part of this paper analyzes a trend of investment expenditure, their structure and drawing proportionality. The main focus is on two parts of governmental investment expenditures, these are transport expenditures and military expenditures. The last part draws proposals and recommendations for improving conditions for public investment.
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Analysis of the Development of International Arms Trade
Wagnerová, Aneta ; Plchová, Božena (advisor) ; Šuchman, Jaroslav (referee)
This thesis is focused on the development of international arms trade, particularly in the broader security and economic contexts. The first part deals with basic concepts and definitions, theory of the arms trade and the definition of the role of military expenditure. The next chapter focuses on trends in the arms industry and arms trade with the analysis of positions of the largest arms superpowers on the arms market - the main exporters and importers of conventional arms and their motivation to participate in international exchange of arms. The last chapter evaluates the effectiveness of existing regulation of the arms trade at the global level, with mention of regulation in the EU and the Czech Republic.
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